Abstract:This study delves into the feasibility of using amorphous silicon photocells as photosensitive units for retinal prostheses. Firstly, theoretical simulations coupled with experimental results demonstrated its strong light absorption and quantum efficiency within the 300—800 nm range. Subsequently, measurements on its visual sensitivity properties were conducted. The findings revealed that under photopic vision conditions, the photocells could provide the stimulating current required for the human retinal nerve cells. Finally, the visual spectral sensitivity curve of the amorphous silicon photocells was assessed, and the results indicated that the spectral sensitivity curve of the amorphous silicon photocells closely mirrors the visual function curve of the human eye under photopic conditions, demonstrating a response to light across various wavelengths.

Abstract:When optical fiber is deployed in practical engineering, bending and stretching of fiber optics is inevitable, which will affect optical communication. The fiber losses of different bending radii are simulated by COMSOL software. In order to verify the accuracy of simulation results, an experiment was designed to measure the losses of single-mode fiber under different bending radii and tension forces. The results show that the sensitive bending diameter of fiber loss is between 5 mm and 10 mm. The tensile effect has little influence on the fiber loss, but when the tensile force is greater than 160 N, the fiber breaks. This study provides an important reference for fiber layout in practical engineering.

Abstract:In order to improve the precision of static load pressure recognition and identify the position of the applied force accurately, a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) flexible sensor array is proposed in this work. Numerical analysis for the package thickness (4 mm) and package position (2 mm from the bottom) of the FBG flexible sensor is performed using COMSOL, and optimal package thickness (4 mm) and package position (2 mm from the bottom) are selected in the analysis. By using 12-FBGs layout method and random forest algorithm, the position and load prediction model is established. The results show that the average error of the distance between the prediction points of coordinates X-Y and static load F and the real sample points is 0.092. Finally, to verify the proposed models, the pressure sensing experiments of the flexible FBG array are carried out on this basis. The weights of 100 g to 1 000 g are applied to different regions of the flexible sensor array one by one in accordance with a certain trajectory. The variation of each FBG wavelength was taken as the input of the stochastic forest prediction model, and the coordinate position and the static load size F were taken as the output to establish the prediction model. The minimum distance error between the actual point and the predicted point was calculated by experiment as 0.03491. The maximum is 0.2481, and the mean error is 0.1515. It is concluded that the random forest prediction model has a good prediction effect on the pressure sensing of the flexible FBG sensing array.

Abstract:In this paper, the shape of the object is reconstructed based on the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) flexible sensor encapsulated by polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) material, and the influence of the number and layout of the sensors on the reconstruction accuracy of the object is studied. The COMSOL simulation software is used to verify the accuracy of the algorithm, and four sensors are prepared to measure and reconstruct the bent aluminum plate under set conditions. The maximum relative error of the shape reconstruction span is 1.203%, and the maximum relative error of the height is 2.802%. The research results provide the application basis for the shape detection of soft robots.

Abstract:The identification of rice seeds is crucial for agriculture production. An inverse Fourier transform (IFT) method based on laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is proposed to identify five kinds of rice seeds. The LIBS data of the samples were preprocessed by inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT), and the time-domain signals of rice seeds were obtained. The back propagation (BP) neural network was used to establish full spectrum, segmented spectrum, time-domain full spectrum and time-domain segmented spectrum discrimination models. Compared with the original spectrum, the time-domain spectrum can significantly improve the identification accuracy. The time-domain full-spectrum identification accuracy reached 95.28%, and the time-domain segmented spectrum identification accuracy reached 94.36%, whose identification time was only a few seconds. The results demonstrate that LIBS detection technology combined IFFT and BP neural network is fast and accurate, which provides a new idea for batch detection of rice seeds.

Abstract:The carrier recombination was one of the factors limiting the further improvement of the Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film solar cells. In this paper, a proper bandgap structure was designed to solve this problem. The effects of the different bandgap structure on the CZTS thin film solar cells were studied by the solar cell performance simulation software wxAMPS. A graded bandgap structure was designed and optimized. The bandgap with a front bandgap gradient and a flat bandgap gradient had a favorable effect on the CZTS thin film solar cells. Finally, the fill factor (FF) and conversion efficiency (η) of the CZTS thin film solar cell were increased from 36.41% to 42.73% and from 6.85% to 10.03%, respectively. In addition, the effect of donor and acceptor defect densities in CZTS absorber layer near the CdS/CZTS interface on the device performance was studied, η of the CZTS thin film solar cell was increased from 5.99% to 7.55% when the acceptor defect concentration was 1012—1013 cm-3. Moreover, the thicknesses of the CZTS absorber layer were optimized. The FF and η of the CZTS thin film solar cell were increased to 63.41% and 15.04%, respectively.

Abstract:To discuss the relative slipping at the interface between a flexibly embedded fiber Bragg grating sensor and a substrate, the strain transfer was derived for an ideal case between the materials of an embedded fiber sensor. ANSYS software was used to establish a simulation model and to analyze the effects of the axial tensile force and the semi-embedded length and encapsulation substrate for the axial strain relative errors with and without relative slipping. The results of the numerical simulations show that the relative strain errors are smaller at the ends of the fibers and larger in the middle for the same tensile force, indicating that the strain transfer effect is location dependent and that the choice of a semi-embedded length of the fibers greater than 40 mm helps to reduce the relative errors. Meanwhile, five flexible sensors with different half-embedding lengths were experimentally encapsulated and subjected to axial tension-strain experiments, which showed the best strain transfer at a half-embedding length of 60 mm, and the experimental results were consistent with the numerical simulation results. The experimental results provide some theoretical and experimental basis for parameter optimization of flexible fiber grating sensors.

Abstract:In this paper, the effects of three types of commonly used adhesives were studied via experiment and simulation. The results show that the strain sensitivity of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor is about 1.201 pm/με and the effects of three adhesives of epoxy resin, AB glue and 502 glue with the same thickness and length on sensitivity coefficients of FBG sensors are 99.20%, 93.80% and 96.50%, respectively. Finally, the sensitivity coefficient of the simulated FBG sensor is the same as the test result by ANSYS modeling.

Abstract:In order to obtain good optical characteristics in the GaN-based vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL), different kinds of AlGaN electron blocking layers (EBL) were introduced. These were inserted coherently near the active region to limit electron leakage into the p-doped side. The research was conducted by photonic integrated circuit simulator in three-dimensional (PICS3D). The simulated results reveal that an EBL can improve the optical characteristics of a VCSEL effectively. All the advantages are due to a reduction in the electron leakage in the quantum wells. While the voltage of the five-layer EBLs LD is lower than the voltage of the seven-layer EBLs LD, the output power of the two is approximately the same, so the five-layer EBLs is the best choice for comprehensive structure analysis as the epitaxial structure can be grown more easily on it.

Abstract:A magnetic field sensor with a magnetic fluid (MF)-coated intermodal interferometer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The interferometer is formed by sandwiching a segment of single mode fiber (SMF) between a segment of multi-mode fiber (MMF) and a spherical structure. It can be considered as a cascade of the traditional SMF-MMF-SMF structure and MMF-SMF-sphere structure. The transmission spectral characteristics change with the variation of applied magnetic field. The experimental results exhibit that the magnetic field sensitivities for wavelength and transmission loss are 0.047 nm/mT and 0.215 dB/mT for the interference dip around 1 535.36 nm. For the interference dip around 1548.41nm, the sensitivities are 0.077 nm/mT and 0.243 dB/mT. Simultaneous measurement can be realized according to the different spectral responses.