Volume 18,Issue 2,2022 Table of Contents
2022, 18(2):65-71.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-022-1112-z
Abstract:
Turner spectroscopic system which achieved a spectral resolution of less than 1 nm in the range from 380 nm to 780 nm. Then, the calibration light source’s spectrum matching model is established and the digital micromirror device (DMD)’s surface illuminance distribution law is simulated and analyzed. Finally, the MOR error of the calibrated light source is inverted. The results show that the simulation spectrum error of the 2 700 K absolute color temperature is below ±7.4% in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm, and the MOR error meets the requirements of the International Civil Aviation Organization in 40—2 000 m of MOR.
Turner spectroscopic system which achieved a spectral resolution of less than 1 nm in the range from 380 nm to 780 nm. Then, the calibration light source’s spectrum matching model is established and the digital micromirror device (DMD)’s surface illuminance distribution law is simulated and analyzed. Finally, the MOR error of the calibrated light source is inverted. The results show that the simulation spectrum error of the 2 700 K absolute color temperature is below ±7.4% in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm, and the MOR error meets the requirements of the International Civil Aviation Organization in 40—2 000 m of MOR.
2022, 18(2):72-76.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-022-1095-9
Abstract:
Metalenses are two-dimensional planar metamaterial lenses, which have the advantages of high efficiency and easy integration. Based on the method of spatial multiplexing, a metalens with a wide working waveband is designed by arranging TiO2 nanopillars under the resonance phase regulation. In addition, choosing an assistant metalens with optimized heights is effective to enhance metalens’s focusing, which is also illustrated in this paper. The metalens, designed with numerical aperture (NA) of 0.72 and center working wavelength of 600 nm, achieves the working waveband of 550—660 nm, the focus point’s size of below 420 nm, and the focusing efficiency of more than 30%.
Metalenses are two-dimensional planar metamaterial lenses, which have the advantages of high efficiency and easy integration. Based on the method of spatial multiplexing, a metalens with a wide working waveband is designed by arranging TiO2 nanopillars under the resonance phase regulation. In addition, choosing an assistant metalens with optimized heights is effective to enhance metalens’s focusing, which is also illustrated in this paper. The metalens, designed with numerical aperture (NA) of 0.72 and center working wavelength of 600 nm, achieves the working waveband of 550—660 nm, the focus point’s size of below 420 nm, and the focusing efficiency of more than 30%.
2022, 18(2):77-84.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-022-1098-6
Abstract:
A novel scheme for all-optical broadcast ultra-wideband (UWB) monocycle pulses generation based on cross-phase modulation (XPM) in semiconductor fiber ring laser (SFRL) is proposed, in which three UWB positive or negative monocycle pulses can be generated simultaneously. A comprehensive broad-band dynamic model for this kind of all-optical broadcast UWB monocycle sources is established, which is further applied to numerically analyze the impacts of injection current of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), the power and wavelength of the signal light on the performance of the UWB positive monocycle pulses with higher power spectral density. The results show that the spectra of the UWB positive and negative monocycle pulses generated by this scheme match the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) definition quite well. Three UWB positive monocycle pulses with better performance can be obtained when the power of signal light is at a high level, and three other UWB positive monocycle pulses with good tolerance to both the injection current of the SOA and the wavelength of the signal light can be obtained. In addition, the powers of the lasing light coupled into the SFRL should not be strong to obtain three UWB positive monocycle pulses with better performance.
A novel scheme for all-optical broadcast ultra-wideband (UWB) monocycle pulses generation based on cross-phase modulation (XPM) in semiconductor fiber ring laser (SFRL) is proposed, in which three UWB positive or negative monocycle pulses can be generated simultaneously. A comprehensive broad-band dynamic model for this kind of all-optical broadcast UWB monocycle sources is established, which is further applied to numerically analyze the impacts of injection current of semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA), the power and wavelength of the signal light on the performance of the UWB positive monocycle pulses with higher power spectral density. The results show that the spectra of the UWB positive and negative monocycle pulses generated by this scheme match the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) definition quite well. Three UWB positive monocycle pulses with better performance can be obtained when the power of signal light is at a high level, and three other UWB positive monocycle pulses with good tolerance to both the injection current of the SOA and the wavelength of the signal light can be obtained. In addition, the powers of the lasing light coupled into the SFRL should not be strong to obtain three UWB positive monocycle pulses with better performance.
2022, 18(2):85-90.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-022-1088-8
Abstract:
Optical camera communication (OCC) is gaining increasing attention in researches. However, applying it to a real-world scenario may encounter many practical problems, such as the communication device may sway or there may be a position offset between the camera and the light source, which may distort the stripes and make the message unreceivable. To this end, we propose pilot-based stripe area estimation (P-SAE) decoding algorithm, and design a pixels rearrangement (PR) scheme and stripes separation logic decision method (SSLD) to improve the decoding performance under sway or receiving position offset. Finally, we build a practical OCC system and carry out experiments to verify the effectiveness of the decoding algorithm. Experimental results show that the lightweight decoding algorithm can resist the impact of smartphone sway and receiving position offset on decoding accuracy.
Optical camera communication (OCC) is gaining increasing attention in researches. However, applying it to a real-world scenario may encounter many practical problems, such as the communication device may sway or there may be a position offset between the camera and the light source, which may distort the stripes and make the message unreceivable. To this end, we propose pilot-based stripe area estimation (P-SAE) decoding algorithm, and design a pixels rearrangement (PR) scheme and stripes separation logic decision method (SSLD) to improve the decoding performance under sway or receiving position offset. Finally, we build a practical OCC system and carry out experiments to verify the effectiveness of the decoding algorithm. Experimental results show that the lightweight decoding algorithm can resist the impact of smartphone sway and receiving position offset on decoding accuracy.
2022, 18(2):91-96.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-022-1114-x
Abstract:
In this paper, a method of measuring roll angle with hollow cube corner reflector (HCCR) is proposed. Firstly, the space coordinate vector relationship between the mirror and the autocollimator is established by using the Euler rotation relationship, and the structure of the HCCR is designed. Secondly, through the actual measurement of the HCCR reflector's angle sensitivity, the specific formula of roll angle measurement is obtained. The experimental results show that the method can be used to measure the roll angle, and the maximum root mean square (RMS) error is 15" in the range of 350", and the repeatability of the experiment is better than 2.7". On the basis of retaining the traditional autocollimator, the plane mirror is replaced with HCCR, which realizes the measurement of the roll angle of the autocollimator. This method does not change the internal structure of the autocollimator system, and there is no process error caused by special processing technology, so as to retain the autocollimator's own long measurement distance, high measurement accuracy, high system stability, and large range of measurement performance, and it can also be used in industrial production.
In this paper, a method of measuring roll angle with hollow cube corner reflector (HCCR) is proposed. Firstly, the space coordinate vector relationship between the mirror and the autocollimator is established by using the Euler rotation relationship, and the structure of the HCCR is designed. Secondly, through the actual measurement of the HCCR reflector's angle sensitivity, the specific formula of roll angle measurement is obtained. The experimental results show that the method can be used to measure the roll angle, and the maximum root mean square (RMS) error is 15" in the range of 350", and the repeatability of the experiment is better than 2.7". On the basis of retaining the traditional autocollimator, the plane mirror is replaced with HCCR, which realizes the measurement of the roll angle of the autocollimator. This method does not change the internal structure of the autocollimator system, and there is no process error caused by special processing technology, so as to retain the autocollimator's own long measurement distance, high measurement accuracy, high system stability, and large range of measurement performance, and it can also be used in industrial production.
2022, 18(2):97-102.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-022-1087-9
Abstract:
When the vehicle is flying in the atmosphere at high speed, the optical head and the atmosphere will have severe friction, thus forming a complex flow field, which makes the target image shift in the optical imaging system. The influence of altitude on aero-optical imaging deviation is studied in this paper. The geometric modeling and mesh generation of a typical blunt nosed high-speed vehicle were carried out, and the three-dimensional (3D) flow field density was obtained by a large amount of computational fluid dynamic calculation. In order to complete the optical calculation, the backward ray tracing method and the backward ray tracing stop criterion were used. The results show that as the height increases, the imaging deviation decreases gradually, and the imaging deviation slope increases and tends to be flat and close to zero.
When the vehicle is flying in the atmosphere at high speed, the optical head and the atmosphere will have severe friction, thus forming a complex flow field, which makes the target image shift in the optical imaging system. The influence of altitude on aero-optical imaging deviation is studied in this paper. The geometric modeling and mesh generation of a typical blunt nosed high-speed vehicle were carried out, and the three-dimensional (3D) flow field density was obtained by a large amount of computational fluid dynamic calculation. In order to complete the optical calculation, the backward ray tracing method and the backward ray tracing stop criterion were used. The results show that as the height increases, the imaging deviation decreases gradually, and the imaging deviation slope increases and tends to be flat and close to zero.
2022, 18(2):103-108.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-022-1024-y
Abstract:
lity of stripe image. In the method, two parameters, skewness coefficient of stripe gray distribution and the noise level, are used to estimate the quality of stripe. The simulation results show that the bigger the skewness coefficient is, the bigger the error of stripe locating results is. Meanwhile, the smaller the noise level is, the smaller the error of stripe locating results is. The method has been used to estimate the experimental image, and the same conclusion can be obtained. The method can be used for recognizing large error data automatically by the two parameters.
lity of stripe image. In the method, two parameters, skewness coefficient of stripe gray distribution and the noise level, are used to estimate the quality of stripe. The simulation results show that the bigger the skewness coefficient is, the bigger the error of stripe locating results is. Meanwhile, the smaller the noise level is, the smaller the error of stripe locating results is. The method has been used to estimate the experimental image, and the same conclusion can be obtained. The method can be used for recognizing large error data automatically by the two parameters.
2022, 18(2):109-114.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-022-1110-1
Abstract:
In order to enhance the spectral characteristics of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), the spectral signals of soil samples with different concentrations of KCl and KI additives were analyzed. The optimal laser energy, the lens to sample distance (LTSD) and the delay time were determined. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the spectral intensity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and plasma characteristics of Cd I 288.08 nm and Al I 394.40 nm in soil samples with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% KCl and KI additives were analyzed. The experimental results show that the spectral intensities of Cd and Al in soil samples with 15% KCl are 1.33 times and 1.61 times of that of the original sample, while those with 15% KI are 1.84 times and 1.81 times. The SNR, plasma temperature and electron density are improved. This provides an experimental reference for improving the accuracy of LIBS in soil detection.
In order to enhance the spectral characteristics of the laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), the spectral signals of soil samples with different concentrations of KCl and KI additives were analyzed. The optimal laser energy, the lens to sample distance (LTSD) and the delay time were determined. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the spectral intensity, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and plasma characteristics of Cd I 288.08 nm and Al I 394.40 nm in soil samples with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% KCl and KI additives were analyzed. The experimental results show that the spectral intensities of Cd and Al in soil samples with 15% KCl are 1.33 times and 1.61 times of that of the original sample, while those with 15% KI are 1.84 times and 1.81 times. The SNR, plasma temperature and electron density are improved. This provides an experimental reference for improving the accuracy of LIBS in soil detection.
2022, 18(2):115-121.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-022-1105-y
Abstract:
A continuous spectrum water quality on-line monitoring signal processing method based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is proposed in this paper, which combines the micro-reagent water quality on-line monitoring technology of sequential injection. The modulation signal and spectrum curve of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) component of the original spectrum signal were obtained by empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The water sample data of different concentrations in the continuous spectrum on-line monitoring system was analyzed by the HHT model. The noise signal was excavated to realize the noise reduction processing, and the reconstruction of the continuous spectrum signal was realized after the noise reduction processing was completed. The research results show that this method can effectively reduce the noise of continuous spectrum signals according to different signal-to-noise characteristics of continuous spectrum, and has convenient use, fast processing speed, and high resolution in the time-frequency domain, which effectively improves the stability and accuracy of the micro-reagent continuous spectrum water quality on-line monitoring system.
A continuous spectrum water quality on-line monitoring signal processing method based on Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is proposed in this paper, which combines the micro-reagent water quality on-line monitoring technology of sequential injection. The modulation signal and spectrum curve of each intrinsic mode function (IMF) component of the original spectrum signal were obtained by empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The water sample data of different concentrations in the continuous spectrum on-line monitoring system was analyzed by the HHT model. The noise signal was excavated to realize the noise reduction processing, and the reconstruction of the continuous spectrum signal was realized after the noise reduction processing was completed. The research results show that this method can effectively reduce the noise of continuous spectrum signals according to different signal-to-noise characteristics of continuous spectrum, and has convenient use, fast processing speed, and high resolution in the time-frequency domain, which effectively improves the stability and accuracy of the micro-reagent continuous spectrum water quality on-line monitoring system.
2022, 18(2):122-128.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-022-1128-4
Abstract:
Due to the atmospheric turbulence and the system noise, images are blurred in the astronomical or space object detection. Wavefront aberrations and system noise make the capability of detecting objects decrease greatly. A two-channel image restoration method based on alternating minimization is proposed to restore the turbulence degraded images. The images at different times are regarded as separate channels, then the object and the point spread function (PSF) are reconstructed in an alternative way. There are two optimization parameters in the algorithm:the object and the PSF. Each optimization step is transformed into a constraint problem by variable splitting and processed by the augmented Lagrangian method. The results of simulation and actual experiment verify that the two-channel image restoration method can always converge rapidly within five iterations, and values of normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) remain below 3% after five iterations. Standard deviation data show that optimized alternating minimization (OAM) has strong stability and adaptability to different turbulent levels and noise levels. Restored images are approximate to the ideal imaging by visual assessment, even though atmospheric turbulence and systemnoise have a strong impact on imaging. Additionally, the method can remove noise effectively during the process of image restoration.
Due to the atmospheric turbulence and the system noise, images are blurred in the astronomical or space object detection. Wavefront aberrations and system noise make the capability of detecting objects decrease greatly. A two-channel image restoration method based on alternating minimization is proposed to restore the turbulence degraded images. The images at different times are regarded as separate channels, then the object and the point spread function (PSF) are reconstructed in an alternative way. There are two optimization parameters in the algorithm:the object and the PSF. Each optimization step is transformed into a constraint problem by variable splitting and processed by the augmented Lagrangian method. The results of simulation and actual experiment verify that the two-channel image restoration method can always converge rapidly within five iterations, and values of normalized root mean square error (NRMSE) remain below 3% after five iterations. Standard deviation data show that optimized alternating minimization (OAM) has strong stability and adaptability to different turbulent levels and noise levels. Restored images are approximate to the ideal imaging by visual assessment, even though atmospheric turbulence and systemnoise have a strong impact on imaging. Additionally, the method can remove noise effectively during the process of image restoration.
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