Volume 13,Issue 2,2017 Table of Contents
2017, 13(2):81-83.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6228-1
Abstract:
The xonotlite fibers were synthesized via the hydrothermal synthesis method with CaO and SiO2 as the raw materials and the molar ratio of Si/Ca of 1.0. Effect of anions from various calcium sources on the microstructure of the xonotlite fibers is studied in this paper. These obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques to investigate their crystalline phase, crystal structure and morphology. The results indicate that anion from various calcium sources has little influence on the crystalline phases of xonotlite fibers but poses a great impact on their morphologies. Xonotlite fibers with single crystal characteristics and large aspect ratio of 50—100 were successfully fabricated from CaCl2 as calcium material at 225 °C for 15 h. The existence of Cl− anion in the CaO-SiO2-H2O system significantly contributes to the formation of xonotlite crystal.
The xonotlite fibers were synthesized via the hydrothermal synthesis method with CaO and SiO2 as the raw materials and the molar ratio of Si/Ca of 1.0. Effect of anions from various calcium sources on the microstructure of the xonotlite fibers is studied in this paper. These obtained products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) techniques to investigate their crystalline phase, crystal structure and morphology. The results indicate that anion from various calcium sources has little influence on the crystalline phases of xonotlite fibers but poses a great impact on their morphologies. Xonotlite fibers with single crystal characteristics and large aspect ratio of 50—100 were successfully fabricated from CaCl2 as calcium material at 225 °C for 15 h. The existence of Cl− anion in the CaO-SiO2-H2O system significantly contributes to the formation of xonotlite crystal.
2017, 13(2):84-89.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-7002-0
Abstract:
A 300 μm×300 μm light emitting diode (LED) chip is divided into nine 80 μm×80 μm units with 30 µm spacing between adjacent ones. After arraying, the total saturation light output power and the maximum injection current are enhanced by 5.19 times and nearly 7 times, respectively. In addition, the test results demonstrate that the illuminance uniformity on the receiving surface reaches the optimum when the spacing between the arrays is equal to the maximum flat condition. The larger the number of arrays, the greater the area with uniform illuminance on the receiving surface.
A 300 μm×300 μm light emitting diode (LED) chip is divided into nine 80 μm×80 μm units with 30 µm spacing between adjacent ones. After arraying, the total saturation light output power and the maximum injection current are enhanced by 5.19 times and nearly 7 times, respectively. In addition, the test results demonstrate that the illuminance uniformity on the receiving surface reaches the optimum when the spacing between the arrays is equal to the maximum flat condition. The larger the number of arrays, the greater the area with uniform illuminance on the receiving surface.
2017, 13(2):90-94.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6231-6
Abstract:
A magnetic fluid based deformable mirror (MFDM) that could produce a large stroke more than 100 μm is designed and demonstrated experimentally with respect to the characteristics of the aberration of the liquid telescope. Its aberration correction performance is verified by the co-simulation using COMSOL and MATLAB. Furthermore, the stroke performance of the MFDM and the decentralized linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) mirror surface control approach are experimentally evaluated with a prototype of MFDM in an adaptive optics system to show its potential application for the large aberration correction of liquid telescopes.
A magnetic fluid based deformable mirror (MFDM) that could produce a large stroke more than 100 μm is designed and demonstrated experimentally with respect to the characteristics of the aberration of the liquid telescope. Its aberration correction performance is verified by the co-simulation using COMSOL and MATLAB. Furthermore, the stroke performance of the MFDM and the decentralized linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) mirror surface control approach are experimentally evaluated with a prototype of MFDM in an adaptive optics system to show its potential application for the large aberration correction of liquid telescopes.
2017, 13(2):95-99.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6271-y
Abstract:
An electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in metamaterial resonator with two bright modes and one dark mode at the terahertz (THz) band is numerically and experimentally demonstrated. Different from two kinds of the traditional passive modulations, our design can realize the passive modulation of EIT phenomenon by adding another bright mode resonator. Simulated and experimental results show that the transmission peak varies for incident THz waves with different polarization directions due to its asymmetric structure, which provides a novel way to realize high efficiency switch and modulation.
An electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in metamaterial resonator with two bright modes and one dark mode at the terahertz (THz) band is numerically and experimentally demonstrated. Different from two kinds of the traditional passive modulations, our design can realize the passive modulation of EIT phenomenon by adding another bright mode resonator. Simulated and experimental results show that the transmission peak varies for incident THz waves with different polarization directions due to its asymmetric structure, which provides a novel way to realize high efficiency switch and modulation.
2017, 13(2):100-103.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6286-4
Abstract:
Based on direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS), a portable methane (CH4) detection device was implemented. The device mainly includes a dual-channel non-dispersive infrared sensor (integrated with an infrared light source, light path and pyroelectric detector), a driving circuit of the sensor, an ARM11 embedded WinCE system, and a LabVIEW-based data-processing platform. Experiments were carried out with prepared CH4 samples to investigate the sensing performance. The relative detection error is less than 9.14% within the measuring range of 0—7×10-2. For a CH4 sample with concentration of 0 (i.e., pure nitrogen), the measured concentration fluctuation range is −1.2×10-5—+2×10-5. An Allan deviation analysis on the gas sample with concentration of 0 indicates that the 1σ limit of detection (LoD) of the device is 4.8×10-6 with an average time of 1 s. Experiments were performed on three CH4 samples with different concentrations to test the response time, which is validated to be less than 20 s. Due to the small size of the ARM11 embedded system and the powerful data processing capability of the LabVIEW platform, the proposed portable and miniaturized CH4 sensor shows a good application prospect in mining operations and some other industrial fields.
Based on direct absorption spectroscopy (DAS), a portable methane (CH4) detection device was implemented. The device mainly includes a dual-channel non-dispersive infrared sensor (integrated with an infrared light source, light path and pyroelectric detector), a driving circuit of the sensor, an ARM11 embedded WinCE system, and a LabVIEW-based data-processing platform. Experiments were carried out with prepared CH4 samples to investigate the sensing performance. The relative detection error is less than 9.14% within the measuring range of 0—7×10-2. For a CH4 sample with concentration of 0 (i.e., pure nitrogen), the measured concentration fluctuation range is −1.2×10-5—+2×10-5. An Allan deviation analysis on the gas sample with concentration of 0 indicates that the 1σ limit of detection (LoD) of the device is 4.8×10-6 with an average time of 1 s. Experiments were performed on three CH4 samples with different concentrations to test the response time, which is validated to be less than 20 s. Due to the small size of the ARM11 embedded system and the powerful data processing capability of the LabVIEW platform, the proposed portable and miniaturized CH4 sensor shows a good application prospect in mining operations and some other industrial fields.
2017, 13(2):104-107.
Abstract:
We propose and demonstrate a simplified and tunable frequency interval optical frequency comb (OFC) generator based on a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DD-MZM) using a single continuous-wave (CW) laser and low-power radio frequency (RF) driven signal. A mathematical model for the scheme is established. The 21- and 29-mode OFCs with frequency interval ranging from 6 GHz to 40 GHz are obtained under DD-MZM driven by a low-power RF signal within a maximum bandwidth of 1.12 THz. The generated OFCs exhibit spectral flatnesses of less than 0.5 dB and 0.8 dB within bandwidths of 160 GHz and 400 GHz, respectively.
We propose and demonstrate a simplified and tunable frequency interval optical frequency comb (OFC) generator based on a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DD-MZM) using a single continuous-wave (CW) laser and low-power radio frequency (RF) driven signal. A mathematical model for the scheme is established. The 21- and 29-mode OFCs with frequency interval ranging from 6 GHz to 40 GHz are obtained under DD-MZM driven by a low-power RF signal within a maximum bandwidth of 1.12 THz. The generated OFCs exhibit spectral flatnesses of less than 0.5 dB and 0.8 dB within bandwidths of 160 GHz and 400 GHz, respectively.
2017, 13(2):108-112.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-7027-4
Abstract:
The prediction method of dynamic wavelength is proposed for temperature tuning process. The temperature of the thermistor integrated in laser diode (LD) module is recorded to predict the LD chip temperature. Then according to the injection current and priori tuning characteristics of the LDs, the emission wavelength is estimated in real time. The method is validated by using a 1.58 μm distributed feedback (DFB) LD. The absorption spectra of mixture gas of CO2 and CO are measured by means of the thermal tuning gas sensing system. The center wavelength of each absorption line is compared with the data in HITRAN2012 database. The results show that the deviations are less than 5 pm. This method fully meets the needs of spectroscopic measurement, and can be applied to spectroscopy, optical communications and other fields.
LI Xue-liang
,
LIU Shi-bin
,
FAN Ping-ping
,
CarlFrederik Werner
,
KoichiroMiyamoto
,
TatsuoYoshinobu
2017, 13(2):113-115.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6264-x
Abstract:
An on-chip electroosmotic (EO) micropump (EOP) was integrated in a microfluidic channel combined with a light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS). The movement of EO flow towards right and left directions can be clearly observed in the microfluidic channel. The characteristics of photocurrent-time and photocurrent-bias voltage are obtained when buffer solution passes through the sensing region. The results demonstrate that the combination of an on-chip EOP with an LAPS is feasible.
An on-chip electroosmotic (EO) micropump (EOP) was integrated in a microfluidic channel combined with a light-addressable potentiometric sensor (LAPS). The movement of EO flow towards right and left directions can be clearly observed in the microfluidic channel. The characteristics of photocurrent-time and photocurrent-bias voltage are obtained when buffer solution passes through the sensing region. The results demonstrate that the combination of an on-chip EOP with an LAPS is feasible.
2017, 13(2):116-119.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6282-8
Abstract:
We report a small molecule host of 4,4(-N,N)-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) doped with 8% tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium (Irppy3) for use in efficient green phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PHOLEDs) combined with different electron transport layers of Alq and BAlq. The PHOLEDs exhibit maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of 19.8 cd/A and 6.21 lm/W, respectively. The high performance of such PHOLEDs is attributed to the better electron mobile ability of BAlq and sub-monolayer quinacridone (QAD) as carrier trapping layer and equal charge carrier mobilities of hole and electron to form the broad carrier recombination zone in the emitting layer, which can reduce the triplet-triplet annihilation and improve the efficiency of the device. #$TABThis work has been supported by the Major Project of Science and Technology Office of Fujian Province of China (No.2014H0042), the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China (No.2015J01664), the Project of Science and Technology Research of Quanzhou in Fujian Province of China (Nos.2013Z125 and 2014Z137), and the 2016 Annual National or Ministries Preparatory Research Foundation Project in Quanzhou Normal University (No.2016YYKJ21). E-mail:yanghuishan1697@163.com
We report a small molecule host of 4,4(-N,N)-dicarbazole-biphenyl (CBP) doped with 8% tris(2-phenylpyridine) iridium (Irppy3) for use in efficient green phosphorescent organic light-emitting devices (PHOLEDs) combined with different electron transport layers of Alq and BAlq. The PHOLEDs exhibit maximum current efficiency and power efficiency of 19.8 cd/A and 6.21 lm/W, respectively. The high performance of such PHOLEDs is attributed to the better electron mobile ability of BAlq and sub-monolayer quinacridone (QAD) as carrier trapping layer and equal charge carrier mobilities of hole and electron to form the broad carrier recombination zone in the emitting layer, which can reduce the triplet-triplet annihilation and improve the efficiency of the device.
2017, 13(2):120-122.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-7008-7
Abstract:
A tunable metamaterial filter is designed based on split-ring resonators (SRRs) in this paper. The metamaterial filter has a compact size of 15 mm×20 mm, and miniaturization is realized by using the SRRs. By loading tunable devices, the continuous operation of the filter is realized at X band (from 10.7 GHz to 12 GHz), the bandwidth is about 13%, the minimum return loss is 35 dB, and the maximum insertion loss is 0.37 dB. The results illustrate that the metamaterial filter shows the compact size, wide bandwidth and good band pass characteristics. This work has been supported by the Key Laboratory Foundation of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation (No.ZX15ZS391), the National Fund for International Cooperation in Science and Technology (No.2014DFR10020), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province (Nos.2014021020-1 and 2015021083). E-mail:798710363@qq.com
A tunable metamaterial filter is designed based on split-ring resonators (SRRs) in this paper. The metamaterial filter has a compact size of 15 mm×20 mm, and miniaturization is realized by using the SRRs. By loading tunable devices, the continuous operation of the filter is realized at X band (from 10.7 GHz to 12 GHz), the bandwidth is about 13%, the minimum return loss is 35 dB, and the maximum insertion loss is 0.37 dB. The results illustrate that the metamaterial filter shows the compact size, wide bandwidth and good band pass characteristics.
11 Compensation to the output drift for cooled infrared imaging systems at various ambient temperatures
2017, 13(2):123-126.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-7005-x
Abstract:
A method is proposed to compensate the output drift for cooled infrared imaging systems at various ambient temperatures. By calibrating the cryogenic infrared detector which absorbs the radiant flux of blackbody directly, the internal factors can be obtained. Then, by combining the calibration result of infrared imaging system at an arbitrary ambient temperature, the output drift can be calculated and compensated at various integration time and ambient temperatures. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can eliminate the effect of ambient temperature fluctuation on the system output efficiently.
A method is proposed to compensate the output drift for cooled infrared imaging systems at various ambient temperatures. By calibrating the cryogenic infrared detector which absorbs the radiant flux of blackbody directly, the internal factors can be obtained. Then, by combining the calibration result of infrared imaging system at an arbitrary ambient temperature, the output drift can be calculated and compensated at various integration time and ambient temperatures. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method can eliminate the effect of ambient temperature fluctuation on the system output efficiently.
2017, 13(2):127-130.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6253-0
Abstract:
Terahertz (THz) generation by periodically-poled RbTiOPO4 (PPRTP) with a quasi-phase-matching scheme based on cascaded difference frequency generation (DFG) processes is theoretically analyzed. The cascaded Stokes and anti-Stokes interaction processes are investigated from coupled wave equations. The THz intensities and quantum conversion efficiency are calculated. Compared with that of non-cascaded DFG processes, the THz intensity in 7-order cascaded DFG processes is increased to 2.95 times. The quantum conversion efficiency of 149.9% in cascaded processes can be realized, which exceeds the Manley-Rowe limit.
Terahertz (THz) generation by periodically-poled RbTiOPO4 (PPRTP) with a quasi-phase-matching scheme based on cascaded difference frequency generation (DFG) processes is theoretically analyzed. The cascaded Stokes and anti-Stokes interaction processes are investigated from coupled wave equations. The THz intensities and quantum conversion efficiency are calculated. Compared with that of non-cascaded DFG processes, the THz intensity in 7-order cascaded DFG processes is increased to 2.95 times. The quantum conversion efficiency of 149.9% in cascaded processes can be realized, which exceeds the Manley-Rowe limit.
MA Ming-yi
,
SONG Wu-rui
,
JI Chun-yan
,
LI Mei-fan
,
MENG Qing-wei
,
WANG Zhi-jun
,
PANG Li-bin
,
LIU Hai-yan
2017, 13(2):131-134.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6266-8
Abstract:
A series of Eu3+ or Tb3+ doped Ba2Ca(BO3)2 phosphors were synthesized by a high temperature solid state method, and the luminescence properties are investigated. Ba2Ca(BO3)2:Tb3+ can show an obvious green emission, and the peak locates at 551 nm, which corresponds to the 5D4→7F5 transition of Tb3+. Ba2Ca(BO3)2:Eu3+ can present the characteristic emission of Eu3+, and the peak locates at 600 nm, which is ascribed to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+. In order to achieve the emission-tunable phosphors, the Eu3+/Tb3+ co-doped Ba2Ca(BO3)2 are synthesized. When tuning the Eu3+ or Tb3+ concentration, Ba2Ca(BO3)2:Eu3+, Tb3+ can both show the tunable emission, which may be induced by the energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+.
A series of Eu3+ or Tb3+ doped Ba2Ca(BO3)2 phosphors were synthesized by a high temperature solid state method, and the luminescence properties are investigated. Ba2Ca(BO3)2:Tb3+ can show an obvious green emission, and the peak locates at 551 nm, which corresponds to the 5D4→7F5 transition of Tb3+. Ba2Ca(BO3)2:Eu3+ can present the characteristic emission of Eu3+, and the peak locates at 600 nm, which is ascribed to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+. In order to achieve the emission-tunable phosphors, the Eu3+/Tb3+ co-doped Ba2Ca(BO3)2 are synthesized. When tuning the Eu3+ or Tb3+ concentration, Ba2Ca(BO3)2:Eu3+, Tb3+ can both show the tunable emission, which may be induced by the energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+.
FU Xing-hu
,
ZHANG Jiang-peng
,
YANGKai-li
,
DONG Yan-hua
,
WEN Jian-xiang
,
FU Guang-wei
,
BI Wei-hong
2017, 13(2):135-137.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6238-z
Abstract:
In this paper, a tension insensitive PbS fiber temperature sensor based on Sagnac interferometer is proposed and demonstrated. The sensing mechanism of tension and temperature is analyzed. The relationships between the interference spectrum, temperature and tension are analyzed, respectively. The experimental temperature range is 36—70 °C. The experimental results show that the interference spectrum is red shifted, and its sensitivity is 53.89 pm/°C. In tension experiment, the tension range is 0—1 400 με. The experimental results show that there is no wavelength shift in the interference spectrum. The sensor is immune to tension cross-sensitivity compared with other sensors. It can be used for temperature testing in aerospace, chemistry and pharmacy.
In this paper, a tension insensitive PbS fiber temperature sensor based on Sagnac interferometer is proposed and demonstrated. The sensing mechanism of tension and temperature is analyzed. The relationships between the interference spectrum, temperature and tension are analyzed, respectively. The experimental temperature range is 36—70 °C. The experimental results show that the interference spectrum is red shifted, and its sensitivity is 53.89 pm/°C. In tension experiment, the tension range is 0—1 400 με. The experimental results show that there is no wavelength shift in the interference spectrum. The sensor is immune to tension cross-sensitivity compared with other sensors. It can be used for temperature testing in aerospace, chemistry and pharmacy.
2017, 13(2):138-142.
Abstract:
The higher peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a major shortcoming of coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) systems. Selective mapping (SLM) technology can effectively reduce the probability of high PAPR, but it has higher computational complexity, and requires additional bandwidth to transmit the side information, which will affect the transmission efficiency of the system. In response to these shortcomings, a novel improved SLM (NI-SLM) scheme with low complexity and without side information is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can exponentially reduce the computational complexity, and the bit error rate (BER) performance can greatly approach the original signal. What’s more, it shows the better PAPR reduction performance.
The higher peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) is a major shortcoming of coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) systems. Selective mapping (SLM) technology can effectively reduce the probability of high PAPR, but it has higher computational complexity, and requires additional bandwidth to transmit the side information, which will affect the transmission efficiency of the system. In response to these shortcomings, a novel improved SLM (NI-SLM) scheme with low complexity and without side information is proposed. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can exponentially reduce the computational complexity, and the bit error rate (BER) performance can greatly approach the original signal. What’s more, it shows the better PAPR reduction performance.
2017, 13(2):143-146.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6275-7
Abstract:
In this paper, a technique based on laser self-mixing effect for acquiring pulse wave profile is proposed and demonstrated. For the characteristics of extremely weak vibration in human pulse waves, a method of multiple reflections with external cavity is designed to improve the measurement accuracy to λ/4. Based on the fringe counting algorithm, one period of pulse wave is successfully reconstructed. The measurement results show that the root mean square error (RMSE) of the reconstructed pulse wave is 0.912 μm at sampling rate of 8 kHz. Besides, the correlation coefficients and heart beats of this method and the traditional photoplethysmography (PPG) measurement are analyzed.
CHEN Huang-chao
,
WEN Jian-xiang
,
HUANG Yi
,
DONG Wei-long
,
PANG Fu-fei
,
LUO Yan-hua
,
PENG Gang-ding
,
CHEN Zhen-yi
,
WANG Ting-yun
2017, 13(2):147-150.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-7022-9
Abstract:
The influence of the linear birefringence on magneto-optical property measurement for optical fibers is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The evolution of polarization in fibers is simulated by the Jones matrix. To verify this theoretical model, a magneto-optical system is built to measure the input azimuth, output azimuth and ellipticity. The Faraday rotation of spun fibers with different pitches is measured. The Verdet constant increases, while the linear birefringence decreases as the pitch becomes smaller. For spun fibers with 1 mm pitch, the Verdet constant can be enhanced by about 20.7% at 660 nm, compared with that of the unspun fiber. The results indicate that smaller linear birefringence can provide more accurate Faraday rotation measurement.
The influence of the linear birefringence on magneto-optical property measurement for optical fibers is investigated theoretically and experimentally. The evolution of polarization in fibers is simulated by the Jones matrix. To verify this theoretical model, a magneto-optical system is built to measure the input azimuth, output azimuth and ellipticity. The Faraday rotation of spun fibers with different pitches is measured. The Verdet constant increases, while the linear birefringence decreases as the pitch becomes smaller. For spun fibers with 1 mm pitch, the Verdet constant can be enhanced by about 20.7% at 660 nm, compared with that of the unspun fiber. The results indicate that smaller linear birefringence can provide more accurate Faraday rotation measurement.
2017, 13(2):151-155.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-7014-9
Abstract:
efficiency switch and modulation.
efficiency switch and modulation.
2017, 13(2):156-160.
DOI: 10.1007/s11801-017-6258-8
Abstract:
As the application of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photon quantum in quantum communication, the OAM photon quantum interface for the transmission wavelength from the telecom communication quantum information storage in visible regime is required. Here we demonstrate the efficiency enhancement for the OAM photon quantum interface based on the frequency upconversion from telecom wavelength to visible regime by sum-frequency generation. The infrared photons at 1 558 nm carrying different OAM values could be converted to the visible regime at 622.2 nm with the optimal efficiency via adjusting the pump beam waist radius and intensity.
As the application of orbital angular momentum (OAM) of photon quantum in quantum communication, the OAM photon quantum interface for the transmission wavelength from the telecom communication quantum information storage in visible regime is required. Here we demonstrate the efficiency enhancement for the OAM photon quantum interface based on the frequency upconversion from telecom wavelength to visible regime by sum-frequency generation. The infrared photons at 1 558 nm carrying different OAM values could be converted to the visible regime at 622.2 nm with the optimal efficiency via adjusting the pump beam waist radius and intensity.
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